{"id":42501,"date":"2021-06-21T14:14:44","date_gmt":"2021-06-21T12:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libmod.de\/?p=42501"},"modified":"2021-07-09T14:46:27","modified_gmt":"2021-07-09T12:46:27","slug":"input-paper-fighting-corruption-ukraine-ryzhenko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/libmod.de\/en\/input-paper-fighting-corruption-ukraine-ryzhenko\/","title":{"rendered":"Input Paper \u201cFighting corruption in&nbsp;Ukraine\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38710\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38710\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-38710 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144549\/ukraine_Yannick-Morelli_header.jpg\" alt width=\"1200\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144549\/ukraine_Yannick-Morelli_header.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144549\/ukraine_Yannick-Morelli_header-770x321.jpg 770w, https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144549\/ukraine_Yannick-Morelli_header-768x320.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38710\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: Yannick-Morelli\/ shutterstock.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u201d.vc_custom_1508251598805{margin-top: 30px !important;}\u201d][vc_column width=\u201c2\/3\u201d css=\u201d.vc_custom_1508252250311{padding-right: 20px !important;}\u201d][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>As part of our project \u201cEastern Partnership Plus\u201d, we are publishing a&nbsp;first series of input papers on the topic of anti-corruption reforms in Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova. The authors from the region (Kateryna Ryzhenko, Ion Guzun, Sandro Kevkhishvili) analyse the role of the European Union in supporting the fight against corruption and formulate their political recom\u00admen\u00adda\u00adtions for decision-makers in Berlin and&nbsp;Brussels.<!--more--><\/h2>\n<h3>By Kateryna&nbsp;Ryzhenko<\/h3>\n<p>In 2014, major anti-corruption reforms were launched in Ukraine. Political changes opened the country up to successful inter\u00adna\u00adtional experience, a&nbsp;beginning of systematic reforms and active engagement by civic society. Several <strong>key<\/strong> <strong>achieve\u00adments and reforms<\/strong> since then should be pointed out. Full-scale <em>anti-corruption infra\u00adstructure<\/em> has been created in Ukraine: over the past seven years, Ukraine has developed an anti-corruption infra\u00adstructure for the detection and inves\u00adti\u00adgation of high-level corruption offenses and the punishment of those who commit them. The following \u201cthe classic elements\u201d of this infra\u00adstructure are worth mentioning&nbsp;here:<\/p>\n<p>The<em> National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU)<\/em> is a&nbsp;law enforcement body estab\u00adlished in 2015 whose purpose is to conduct pre-trial inves\u00adti\u00adga\u00adtions into top-level corruption cases and to cleanse the government from corruption in order to enable the formation and devel\u00adopment of a&nbsp;successful society and efficient state. The <em>Specialized Anti-Corruption Prose\u00adcu\u00adtor\u2019s Office (SAPO<\/em>) is mainly respon\u00adsible for supporting and overseeing criminal inves\u00adti\u00adga\u00adtions launched by the NABU. All cases from NABU-SAPO are adjudi\u00adcated by the <em>High Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine (HACC)<\/em>. The launch of this court was one of the greatest anti-corruption achieve\u00adments in&nbsp;2019.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the law enforcement and judicial bodies, the anti-corruption infra\u00adstructure includes two central executive bodies that have a&nbsp;special status: the <em>National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP)<\/em> is respon\u00adsible for the devel\u00adopment of anti-corruption policy and prevention of corruption and the<em> National Agency of Ukraine for detection, inves\u00adti\u00adgation and management of assets received from corruption and other crimes (ARMA<\/em><em>: Asset Recovery and Management Agency<\/em><em>)<\/em> was estab\u00adlished with the aim of identi\u00adfying, tracing and managing the relevant&nbsp;assets.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to estab\u00adlishing anti-corruption insti\u00adtu\u00adtions, Ukraine carried out numerous reforms in different sectors involving the creation of registries, digital\u00adization of processes and the opening of new possi\u00adbil\u00adities for citizens and business. The most successful of these&nbsp;are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Digital\u00adization and the imple\u00admen\u00adtation of new rules in the public procurement sphere \u2013 the electronic public procurement system <em>ProZorro<\/em>, which is based on the OCDS standard, is innovation that has garnered inter\u00adna\u00adtional attention. The system makes infor\u00admation on tenders available to everyone. Ukraine has won recog\u00adnition around the world as a&nbsp;leader in procurement reform.<\/li>\n<li>The electronic auction system <em>Sale<\/em> is used to for the liqui\u00addation of assets from insolvent banks, for small-scale priva\u00adti\u00adzation and lease of communal and state property. Now, when a&nbsp;public or municipal asset or property is being sold, everyone has the oppor\u00adtunity to bid for&nbsp;it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Productive cooper\u00adation between the state, business and civic society organi\u00adza\u00adtions made the imple\u00admen\u00adtation of the above\u00admen\u00adtioned reforms&nbsp;possible.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, not all efforts are going smoothly and\/\u200bor speedily. There are several <strong>challenges<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> and they must be addressed in the near future. The following are examples of issues considered problematic.<\/p>\n<p><em>Proce\u00addures for selecting the heads<\/em> of anti-corruption insti\u00adtu\u00adtions must be reassessed in order to eliminate possi\u00adbility of political influence. Currently, the terms of the appoint\u00adments of the heads of the SAPO and the ARMA are not very long, which signif\u00adi\u00adcantly limits their effec\u00adtiveness. A&nbsp;new compet\u00aditive selection procedure for the position of the NABU director is slated to begin in less than a&nbsp;year, but parts of the legal provi\u00adsions regulating this process have been declared uncon\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adtional by the Consti\u00adtu\u00adtional Court of&nbsp;Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p>There is continuing <em>pressure on independent insti\u00adtu\u00adtions<\/em>. For example, due to flaws in the legis\u00adlation governing the prosecutor\u2019s office and the limited powers of the acting head of the SAPO, the Prose\u00adcutor General has been able to interfere repeatedly in high-profile NABU-SAPO inves\u00adti\u00adga\u00adtions, under\u00admining the indepen\u00addence of these insti\u00adtu\u00adtions. The Prose\u00adcutor General did not pass up the oppor\u00adtunity to study and even influence the proceedings in the high-profile corruption cases of 2020. Securing an effective system of checks and balances that will ensure the indepen\u00addence of the anti-corruption infra\u00adstructure from admin\u00adis\u00adtrative and political pressure should therefore be a&nbsp;priority.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>unreformed judicial system<\/em> remains the greatest threat to the sustain\u00adability of reforms in all the areas. In fact, no progress has been made on judicial reform in the past two years. Last year, the President and Parliament tried several times to start a&nbsp;painful process of change. A&nbsp;first attempt at judicial reform, in the form of a&nbsp;draft law submitted by the President, had been adopted by Parliament in 2019, but key provi\u00adsions of that legis\u00adlation were declared uncon\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adtional by the Consti\u00adtu\u00adtional Court of Ukraine on 11 March&nbsp;2020.<\/p>\n<p>The next attempt to launch the reform was also initiated by the President in the form of several draft laws submitted to Parliament. Currently awaiting final\u00adization and the second reading, they have been merci\u00adlessly criti\u00adcized by the Venice Commission and the expert community. A&nbsp;high standard of integrity on the part of members of self-governing judicial bodies, who are elected with the partic\u00adi\u00adpation of the inter\u00adna\u00adtional community and civil society experts, remains a&nbsp;current requirement of the IMF, is the subject of a&nbsp;recom\u00admen\u00addation of the Venice Commission and is demanded by the&nbsp;public.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the above\u00admen\u00adtioned issues, attempts to disrupt and nullify anti-corruption achieve\u00adments in the field of public procurement in the past several years also provide cause for concern. In particular, both the Government and the Parliament are trying to amend the legis\u00adlation and <em>implement local\u00adization in public procurement<\/em>, an approach which, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/ti-ukraine.org\/en\/news\/localization-would-harm-economy-research\/\">research<\/a>ers in the field, would drive the domestic economy into a&nbsp;dead end. Moreover, this initiative would violate commit\u00adments under\u00adtaken by Ukraine in the Ukraine-EU Associ\u00adation Agreement and in the Agreement on Government Procurement within the framework of the&nbsp;WTO.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Which tasks should take<\/strong> <strong>priority<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Ensuring <\/em><em>the indepen\u00addence and capacity of the anti-corruption infra\u00adstructure.<\/em> Carrying out a&nbsp;trans\u00adparent and polit\u00adi\u00adcally impartial process for the compet\u00aditive selection of heads of anti-corruption insti\u00adtu\u00adtions. Securing an effective system of checks and balances ensuring the indepen\u00addence of anti-corruption infra\u00adstructure from admin\u00adis\u00adtrative and political pressure. Providing anti-corruption bodies with the legislative tools necessary for the full imple\u00admen\u00adtation of their&nbsp;functions.<\/p>\n<p><em>Form<\/em><em>ing<\/em><em> a&nbsp;profes\u00adsional and independent judiciary. <\/em>Electing (appointing) a&nbsp;fair compo\u00adsi\u00adtionto self-governing judicial bodies with the partic\u00adi\u00adpation of the inter\u00adna\u00adtional community and public experts. Submission to Parliament of a&nbsp;new compre\u00adhensive draft law taking all the recom\u00admen\u00adda\u00adtions from the Venice Commission on the reform of the Consti\u00adtu\u00adtional Court into account and the prompt consid\u00ader\u00adation&nbsp;thereof.<\/p>\n<p><em>Intro\u00adducing <\/em><em>a&nbsp;system for the <\/em><em>management of public assets <\/em><em>that ensures trans\u00adparency and account\u00adability <\/em><em>and <\/em><em>safeguarding the <\/em><em>further devel\u00adopment of the procurement sector.<\/em> Disclosing infor\u00admation about state-owned enter\u00adprises. Devel\u00adoping a&nbsp;new register of state-owned enter\u00adprises as an acces\u00adsible and conve\u00adnient tool for visual\u00adization and search of enter\u00adprises. Changing the legal framework for the management of state assets. Improving the areas of procurement in line with inter\u00adna\u00adtional commit\u00adments (refraining from adding to the list of contract types not falling within scope of the Law on Procurement). Ensuring effective control and monitoring of procurement by the State Audit&nbsp;Office.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the EU\u2019s role in supporting the fight against corruption in&nbsp;Ukraine?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The European Union has been one of the main supporters of reforms in Ukraine in general and of the estab\u00adlishment of anti-corruption legis\u00adlation and insti\u00adtu\u00adtions in particular. Combatting corruption was always a&nbsp;primary focus of condi\u00adtion\u00adal\u00adities attached to a&nbsp;number of macro-financial assis\u00adtance packages and played a&nbsp;crucial role in the visa liber\u00adal\u00adi\u00adsation action&nbsp;plan.<\/p>\n<p><em>Every year the European Commission issues a&nbsp;<\/em><em>report<\/em> assessing Ukraine\u2019s continuous fulfilment of visa liber\u00adal\u00adi\u00adsation require\u00adments on the basis of its monitoring activity. Definitely an important document, this thorough report contains an analysis and highlights certain results and trends, including in the anti-corruption sphere. The devel\u00adopment of anti-corruption indicators, which could be based on the visa liber\u00adal\u00adi\u00adsation action plan (VLAP), and the quarterly monitoring of those indicators would be a&nbsp;way to obtain an even better and fuller picture on a&nbsp;continuing basis. This kind of monitoring might also be a&nbsp;helpful tool for inter\u00adna\u00adtional partners and national civil society organi\u00adza\u00adtions to use in their advocacy&nbsp;work.<\/p>\n<p>Macro-financial Assis\u00adtance (MFA) is a&nbsp;form of financial aid that the EU has extended to Ukraine since the outbreak of the crisis in early 2014. Ukraine and the EU jointly signed a&nbsp;Memorandum of Under\u00adstanding (MoU) outlining the policy programme attached to the MFA operation. This programme, based largely on the reform agenda pursued by the Ukrainian author\u00adities, covers a&nbsp;broad range of areas, including public finance management, gover\u00adnance and trans\u00adparency, the energy sector, social safety nets, business environment and the financial sector. Important anti-corruption condi\u00adtion\u00adal\u00adities are attached to the assis\u00adtance in the&nbsp;MoU.<\/p>\n<p>Consid\u00aderable financial support has been provided newly created insti\u00adtu\u00adtions and civic society organ\u00adi\u00adsa\u00adtions by other European programmes as well, such as the funding from EU Anti-Corruption Initiative (EUACI). Funded by the EU and Denmark and imple\u00admented by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the EUACI is the EU anti-corruption program in Ukraine. This initiative began a&nbsp;new four-year phase in May 2020 with a&nbsp;22.9 million-euro budget.<\/p>\n<p>On 25 January 2021, the G7 ambas\u00adsadors to Ukraine made public a&nbsp;set of clearly artic\u00adu\u00adlated recom\u00admen\u00adda\u00adtions as to action Ukraine should take next in its fight against corruption. In their \u201croadmap\u201d for strength\u00adening anti-corruption insti\u00adtu\u00adtions and reforming the judiciary, the G7 ambas\u00adsadors acknowledge the fact that recent decisions by the Consti\u00adtu\u00adtional Court of Ukraine have created a&nbsp;threat to the country and its democ\u00adratic reforms. They go on to identify a&nbsp;number of prior\u00adities on which they believe Ukraine should concen\u00adtrate, and propose deadlines for their imple\u00admen\u00adtation. Specif\u00adi\u00adcally, they identify the following as the most urgently needed steps: 1. re-estab\u00adlishing with a&nbsp;firm legal basis the anti-corruption provi\u00adsions recently declared uncon\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adtional; 2. prevent the Consti\u00adtu\u00adtional Court from causing further harm while it is being reformed; and 3. ensure all nomina\u00adtions to key judicial and law enforcement bodies are trans\u00adparent, merit-based, and&nbsp;credible.<\/p>\n<p>It is necessary to underline that the prior\u00adities identified by the G7 are fully supported by the civil society experts and activists. Unfor\u00adtu\u00adnately, the majority of the recom\u00admen\u00adda\u00adtions have not yet been imple\u00admented. Although the deadlines proposed by the G7 ambas\u00adsadors lie in the past or will soon do so, the priority actions the roadmap proposes are still very relevant. Further support for and insis\u00adtence on the urgent necessity of these prior\u00adities on the part of the EU would definitely be beneficial for Ukraine and its anti-corruption efforts.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><em>Kateryna Ryzhenko<br>\nHead of Legal, Trans\u00adparency Inter\u00adna\u00adtional&nbsp;Ukraine<br>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Gef\u00f6rdert durch:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-42521\" src=\"https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144120\/logoaa-770x344.jpg\" alt width=\"770\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144120\/logoaa-770x344.jpg 770w, https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144120\/logoaa.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905144120\/logoaa-768x343.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">&nbsp;<\/i><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-23921 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/libmodredaktion.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240905145906\/textende.png\" alt=\"Textende\" width=\"40\" height=\"120\">[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator][vc_column_text]Did you like thike this article? 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